A New Robust Approach for Reversible Database Watermarking with Distortion Control in Java

Nowadays information is crucial in many fields such as medicine, science and business, where databases are used effectively for information sharing. However, the databases face the risk of being pirated, stolen or misused, which may result in a lot of security threats concerning ownership rights, data tampering and privacy protection. Watermarking is utilized to enforce ownership rights on shared relational databases. Many reversible watermarking methods are proposed recently to protect rights of owners along with recovering original data. Most state-of-the-art methods modify the original data to a large extent, result in data quality degradation, and cannot achieve good balance between robustness against malicious attacks and data recovery. In this paper, we propose a robust and reversible database watermarking technique, Genetic Algorithm and Histogram Shifting Watermarking (GAHSW), for numerical relational database. The genetic algorithm is used to select the best secret key for grouping database, where the watermarking can be embedded with balanced distortion and capacity. The histogram of the prediction error is shifted to embed the watermark with good robustness. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of GAHSW and show that it outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of robustness against malicious attacks and preservation of data quality.